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When can I switch Medicare plans? AEP, OEP and SEP explained

You can usually switch Medicare plans during specific enrollment periods. The most common are the Annual Enrollment Period (AEP), Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period (OEP) and Special Enrollment Periods (SEPs). Understanding which enrollment period applies to you can help you make coverage changes at the right time.

Medicare enrollment periods at a glance

Enrollment periodWhen it happensWho it is forWhat you may be able to do
Annual Enrollment Period (AEP)Oct. 15–Dec. 7 each yearPeople with Medicare who want to review or change coverage for the next yearSwitch Medicare Advantage plans, switch from Original Medicare to Medicare Advantage, return to Original Medicare, or join, switch or drop Part D prescription drug coverage
Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period (OEP)Jan. 1–March 31 each yearPeople already enrolled in a Medicare Advantage planMake one change to another Medicare Advantage plan or return to Original Medicare; if returning to Original Medicare, you may be able to join a Part D plan
Special Enrollment Period (SEP)Varies by qualifying eventPeople who experience certain qualifying situationsChange coverage outside the standard enrollment windows, depending on the event and timing

Which enrollment window applies to you?

You want to compare plans for next year

The Annual Enrollment Period (AEP) may apply. During AEP, you can review available plans and make coverage changes for the upcoming year. Coverage changes made during AEP generally take effect on January 1.

You're already in a Medicare Advantage plan and want to make a change

The Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period (OEP) may apply. Between January 1 and March 31, members enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan can make one coverage change.

You experienced a qualifying life event

You may be eligible for a Special Enrollment Period (SEP), which allows certain coverage changes outside the standard enrollment windows.

Common situations that may qualify for a Special Enrollment Period

You moved

If you move outside your current plan's service area or relocate to an area with different plan options, you may qualify for a Special Enrollment Period.

You lost other health coverage

You may qualify for an SEP if you lose employer-sponsored coverage, union coverage, Medicaid or other qualifying healthcare coverage.

Your Medicare plan is ending

If your current Medicare Advantage or prescription drug plan is not renewing, Medicare generally provides opportunities to enroll in new coverage.

You qualify for Extra Help or Medicaid

People who qualify for Extra Help, Medicaid or certain Special Needs Plans may have additional enrollment opportunities depending on their situation.

Because SEP rules vary based on the qualifying event and timing, it's important to review your options as soon as possible after a life change occurs.

What to check before switching Medicare plans

Before making a change, compare the details that can affect your healthcare experience and costs throughout the year.

Be sure to review:

  • Doctor and specialist participation
  • Hospital access
  • Prescription drug formularies
  • Pharmacy networks
  • Copays, coinsurance and deductibles
  • Maximum out-of-pocket costs
  • Supplemental benefits, including dental, vision, hearing and fitness programs

Taking the time to compare plans can help you avoid unexpected costs and find coverage that better fits your healthcare needs.

Frequently asked questions

No. In most situations, Medicare plan changes can only be made during an enrollment period, such as AEP, OEP or a qualifying SEP.

AEP runs from October 15 through December 7 and allows a broader range of coverage changes. OEP runs from January 1 through March 31 and is available only to people already enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan.

Yes. If your plan is ending or not renewing, you may qualify for a Special Enrollment Period that allows you to select new coverage.

Possibly. Moving outside your current plan's service area or relocating to an area with different plan options may qualify you for a Special Enrollment Period.

Yes. Individuals who qualify for Extra Help, Medicaid or certain Special Needs Plans may have additional enrollment opportunities beyond standard enrollment periods.

What to do if your Medicare Advantage plan is ending

Coverage changes don't have to be overwhelming. Even if your current plan is ending, you have options. Taking time to compare plans and understand your enrollment opportunities can help you find coverage that meets your needs for the coming year.

Understand your next steps

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