Ways to identify heat stroke and heat exhaustion in extreme temps

Summer heat is expected, but there is such a thing as too hot. Knowing the signs of heat-related illness can help you stay safe and take action quickly.

Michiganders are no strangers to hot, humid summer days. Whether you're at the beach, on a hike or visiting a local farmers market, time outdoors is one of the best parts of the season. But there’s a point where heat stops being harmless and starts becoming dangerous.

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are serious conditions caused by your body overheating, often due to high temperatures and dehydration. When your body can’t cool itself effectively, it can quickly become a medical emergency.

Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness. It can damage the brain and other vital organs, and in some cases, it can be life-threatening. While it’s more common in adults over 50, it can affect anyone, including children and otherwise healthy adults. Heat exhaustion is less severe but should still be taken seriously, as it can progress to heat stroke if not treated.

Before heading outside, it’s important to recognize the warning signs so you can protect yourself and others.

Signs of heat-related illness

Common symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke include:

• Headache: Ranging from mild to severe, headaches can signal your body is overheating.
• Weakness or fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak can be telling of a heat-related illness.
• Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady is a common warning sign.
• Nausea or vomiting: Nausea is often linked to heat exhaustion, while vomiting may signal a more serious condition.
• Changes in sweating: Heavy sweating can mean your body is struggling to cool down. Little or no sweating, especially when overheated, is a serious warning sign.
• Rapid heartbeat: An elevated heart rate is often associated with overheating.
• Confusion or anxiety: Mental changes, including confusion or disorientation, can indicate severe heat illness.

What to do if someone overheats

If you or someone else shows signs of heat-related illness, seek medical care right away, especially if symptoms are severe or worsening.

While waiting for help:

• Move to a cooler place. Get out of the sun and into shade or air conditioning if possible.
• Hydrate. Sip water if the person is alert and able to drink.
• Replace fluids and electrolytes. Sports drinks or fruit and vegetable juices can help with heat exhaustion.
• Cool the body. Use a damp cloth or a mist of water and fan the skin to help lower body temperature.
• Apply ice packs. Place them on the neck, armpits, groin and back to help the body cool  more quickly.

How to prevent heat-related illness

The best way to stay safe is to prevent overheating in the first place. A few simple steps can make a big difference:

• Avoid peak heat. Try to stay indoors or in the shade during the hottest part of the day.
• Drink plenty of fluids. Water is best; avoid alcohol and stay ahead of thirst.
• Dress for the weather. Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
• Plan ahead. Reschedule strenuous outdoor activities when temperatures or humidity are high.
• Check on others. Older adults and those without air conditioning may need extra support. Local community programs may be able to help. Check with your city or township to see what resources are available. 

Michigan summers are meant to be enjoyed outdoors. By staying aware of the risks and taking simple precautions, you can stay safe, cool and comfortable all season long.